305/45R22 is 0.41" shorter than 285/50R22, a −1.24% change in diameter, inside the 3% range most shops treat as a safe swap.
Ground clearance changes by 0.21" (half the diameter change), and the tire needs 0.21" less room above it.
305/45R22 is 0.79" wider. On the same wheel offset about half of that, 0.39", moves toward the suspension and half toward the fender.
Both fit a 22" wheel; the sidewall is 0.21" shorter on 305/45R22.
Details: 285/50R22 in inches · 305/45R22 in inches · change sizes in the calculator