Morse code alphabet A–Z
International Morse code as defined by the ITU (dot = •, dash = −):
| Letter | Morse | Letter | Morse |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | •− | N | −• |
| B | −••• | O | −−− |
| C | −•−• | P | •−−• |
| D | −•• | Q | −−•− |
| E | • | R | •−• |
| F | ••−• | S | ••• |
| G | −−• | T | − |
| H | •••• | U | ••− |
| I | •• | V | •••− |
| J | •−−− | W | •−− |
| K | −•− | X | −••− |
| L | •−•• | Y | −•−− |
| M | −− | Z | −−•• |
Morse code numbers 0–9
| Number | Morse | Number | Morse |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | •−−−− | 6 | −•••• |
| 2 | ••−−− | 7 | −−••• |
| 3 | •••−− | 8 | −−−•• |
| 4 | ••••− | 9 | −−−−• |
| 5 | ••••• | 0 | −−−−− |
What is SOS in Morse code?
SOS is • • • − − − • • •: three short, three long, three short. In distress use it is sent as one continuous signal without the gaps between letters. Press Play above to hear it.
What is "I love you" in Morse code?
.. / .-.. --- ...- . / -.-- --- ..-. The slash marks a word gap. The short form "ILU" is .. .-.. ..-.
How do you read Morse code?
Morse is built on one time unit, the length of a dot. The ITU rules are:
- A dash is three dots long.
- The gap inside a letter is one dot.
- The gap between letters is three dots.
- The gap between words is seven dots.
When you write Morse, put a space between letters and a slash (/) between words, as this translator does.
How fast is 20 WPM?
Speed is measured with the word PARIS, which is exactly 50 units long including the word gap. At 20 words per minute one unit lasts 1.2 ÷ 20 = 60 ms. Beginners often learn at 5–13 WPM; experienced operators copy 25–40 WPM.
Punctuation and signs
| Sign | Name | Morse |
|---|---|---|
| . | Full stop | •−•−•− |
| , | Comma | −−••−− |
| ? | Question mark | ••−−•• |
| ' | Apostrophe | •−−−−• |
| : | Colon | −−−••• |
| - | Hyphen | −••••− |
| / | Slash (fraction bar) | −••−• |
| ( | Left bracket | −•−−• |
| ) | Right bracket | −•−−•− |
| " | Quotation marks | •−••−• |
| = | Double hyphen | −•••− |
| + | Plus (cross) | •−•−• |
| @ | At sign | •−−•−• |
| ! | Exclamation mark* | −•−•−− |
| & | Ampersand* | •−••• |
| ; | Semicolon* | −•−•−• |
| _ | Underscore* | ••−−•− |
| $ | Dollar* | •••−••− |
Signs marked * are widely used by amateur radio operators but are not in ITU-R M.1677-1. The ITU also defines procedure signals such as "starting signal" − • − • −, "end of work" • • • − • − and "error" (eight dots).
Sources: ITU-R M.1677-1 International Morse code (10/2009). Checked October 2026.