255/80R17 is 1.26" taller than 235/80R17, a +3.96% change in diameter. That is more than the 3% many tire shops use as a limit, so plan on recalibrating the speedometer and checking ABS and stability control.
Ground clearance changes by 0.63" (half the diameter change), and the tire needs 0.63" more room above it.
255/80R17 is 0.79" wider. On the same wheel offset about half of that, 0.39", moves toward the suspension and half toward the fender.
Both fit a 17" wheel; the sidewall is 0.63" taller on 255/80R17.
Details: 235/80R17 in inches · 255/80R17 in inches · change sizes in the calculator